Chrysostom on Infant Baptism
- samshmn
- Nov 26
- 1 min read
The following extract is taken from St. Augustine’s refutation to Julian who cites the work of St. John Chrysostom. St. Chrysostom’s words show why the early Christians baptized infants despite the fact of not having any sins of their own:
Chapter 6
(21) But I know what you are muttering. Speak now, speak and let us hear it. At the end of your work with which we are now dealing, that is, in the last part of Book 4, you say: 'St. John of Constantinople says there is no original sin in infants. In a homily which he delivered about the baptized, he says: "Blessed be God, who alone hath done wondrous things, who hath made all things and changed all things. Behold, they enjoy the serenity of freedom who a little while ago were held captive, and they are citizens of the Church who were strangers and wanderers, and they are in the state of justice who were in the confusion of sin. For they are not only free but also holy, not only holy but also just, not only just but also sons, not only sons but also heirs, not only heirs but also brothers of Christ, not only brothers of Christ but also coheirs, not only co-heirs but also members, not only members but also a temple, not only a temple but also instruments of the Spirit. You see how many are the benefits of baptism; some think the heavenly grace consists only in the remission of sins, but we have enumerated ten honors. For this reason we baptize even infants, though they are not defiled with sin, in order that there may be given to them holiness, justice, adoption, inheritance, and the brotherhood of Christ, that they may be His members."1
(22) Do you, then, dare to set these words of the holy bishop John in opposition to so many statements of his great colleagues, and separate him from their most harmonious society, and constitute him their adversary? Far be it, far be it from us to believe or say such an evil thing of so great a man. Far be it from us,I say, to think that John of Constantinople, on the question of the baptism of infants and their liberation by Christ from the paternal handwriting, should oppose so many great fellow bishops, especially the Roman Innocent, the Carthaginian Cyprian, the Cappadocian Basil, the Nazianzene Gregory, the Gaul Hilary, the Milanese Ambrose.
There are other matters on which at times even the most learned and excellent defenders of the Catholic rule do not agree, without breaking the bond of the faith, and one speaks better and more truly about one thing and another about another. But this matter about which we are now speaking pertains to the very foundations of the faith. He who would overthrow in the Christian faith what is written: 'Since by a man came death, by a man also comes resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, so in Christ all will be made to live,'2 strives to take away all that we believe in Christ. Christ is fully the Saviour of infants as well. They shall certainly perish unless redeemed by Him, for without His flesh and blood they cannot have life. This John, too, thought and believed and learned and taught. But you twist his words according to your doctrine.
He said that infants do not have sins—he meant sins of their own. This is why we rightly call them innocents, according to what the Apostle says, that those not yet born had not done aught of good or evil; not according to what he says: 'By the disobedience of the one man the many were constituted sinners.'3 Even our Cyprian could say the same thing about infants as John, when he wrote: 'The newborn infant has not committed any sin, and he is forgiven not his own sins, but those of another.'4 Therefore, John, comparing them to adults whose personal sins are forgiven in baptism, said they do not have sins—not as you quote him: 'are not defiled with sin,' where you want it understood to mean they are not defiled by the sin of the first man.
But I should not attribute this to you but to the translator, although in some manuscripts which have the same translation we read not 'sin' but 'sins.' Therefore, I wonder if one of your party did not prefer to write the singular number so that that one sin might be understood of which the Apostle says: 'For the judgment was from the one unto condemnation, but grace is from many offenses unto justification.'5 There he wishes us to understand the 'one' to mean nothing else but the offense; not wishing men to believe that infants are defiled by it, you preferred to say: 'not defiled by sin,' so that the one sin of the first man might come into our mind, not that they do not have sins, as John says, lest we understand their personal sins, or read 'They are not defiled with sins,' as the same passage reads in other manuscripts.
But let us not deal with suspicions, and here we may suppose an error of the copyist or a variation in the translation. I shall quote the Greek words themselves as John wrote them: 'Dia touto kai ta paedia baptizomen, kaitoi hamartêmata ouk echonta,' which is, in [the English translation of the] Latin,6 'Therefore, we also baptize infants, though not having sins.' You certainly see that he did not say: 'Infants are not defiled with sin' or 'sins,' but 'not having sins,' meaning sins of their own; there is no difficulty. But you will say: Why did he himself not add 'their own'? Why, I think, except that he was speaking in the Catholic Church and did not believe that he would be understood in any other way, since no one had raised such a question, and he spoke more carelessly since you were not yet disputing.
1 John Chrysostom, Homilia ad neophytos
2 I Cor. 15.21,22.
3 Cf. Rom. 9.11; 5.16.
4 Cyprian, Epistola, 64, ad Fidum.
5 Cf. Rom. 5.19 (Saint Augustine, “Against Julian”, in The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Translated by Matthew A. Schumacher, C.S.C. [The Catholic University of America Press, Washington, D.C.: third printing, 1981], Volume 35, pp. 25-27: Against Julian - Augustine, St_.pdf; emphasis mine)
Further Reading
Origen, Hippolytus on Infant Baptism (https://www.samshmnthelogy.net/post/origen-hippolytus-on-infant-baptism)
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