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The Greek term for God, theos , is used approximately 1,315 times in the New Testament writings. Six of these occurrences are employed for things other than the Father or Christ. I list them here for the benefit of the readers: “Jesus answered them, ‘Has it not been written in your Law, “I said, you are gods ( theoi )”? If he called them gods ( theous ), to whom the word of God came (and the Scripture cannot be broken),’” John 10:34-35 Here, theos  is used in relation to the

I now arrive at the finale: NEW TESTAMENT USE OF THEOS PT. 3  ( https://www.samshmnthelogy.net/post/new-testament-use-of-theos-pt-3 ) . WITNESS OF HEBREWS Hebrews is another inspired writing that calls Christ ho theos , referring to him as the God who reigns forever, being the Son that is the exact imprint of God’s uncreated nature and the visible manifestation of God’s glory, whom the Father appointed to create and sustain all creation by his own powerful word: “Long ago, at

I come to the third part in my series: NEW TESTAMENT USE OF THEOS PT. 2  ( https://www.samshmnthelogy.net/post/new-testament-use-of-theos-pt-2 ) . THE APOSTLES PAUL AND PETER The proceeding texts are also viewed by the consensus of NT exegetes, commentators, theologians etc., as identifying Jesus as God in an absolute sense: “of whom  are  the fathers and from whom, according to the flesh , Christ  came,   who is over all,  the  eternally blessed God . Amen.” Romans 9:5 New K

I proceed from where I left off: NEW TESTAMENT USE OF THEOS  ( https://www.samshmnthelogy.net/post/new-testament-use-of-theos ) . CHRIST AS THEOS In this segment I will cite the texts, which the majority of NT scholars, theologians, exegetes and/or apologists affirm identify Christ as God in the fullest sense of the term, not in an attenuated, diluted sense. THE APOSTLE JOHN I start with what is perhaps the most famous and/or cited passage in relation to the Deity of Christ:

In this post I will rebut the oft-repeated claim of unitarians and various anti-Trinitarians that the term “G/god” was used in a more fluid sense, and not necessarily to the one supreme true God of all. Their main purpose in raising this objection is to undermine the essential Deity of Christ since they reason that just because the [N]ew [T]estament applies the word “God” ( theos ) to Jesus, this doesn’t prove that he is being described as God Almighty.   I will show that the

I resume my refutation to Adnan Rashid’s façade of a rebuttal: REFUTING ADNAN RASHID PT. 2B . THIRD OBJECTION: THE QURAN REJECTS THE CRUCIFIXION AND CLAIMS THE GOSPELS CONTRADICT THEMSELVES Adnan claims there was no Arabic translation of the Gospels at the time of Muhammad. The first translation of the Gospels according to him was made during the caliphate of Mamun, some two centuries later. In response, we would first point out that Adnan attacks a straw man and throws out a

See the previous part: REFUTING ADNAN RASHID PT. 2 . In this part of my rebuttal, I am going to further show how the Quran misrepresents the historic Christian understanding of the Trinity and the Deity of Christ since the author(s) was/were ignorant of what these doctrines entailed. For instance, notice how the Quran formulates the Christian view of Jesus’ Deity: They are unbelievers who say,  ‘God is the Messiah, Mary’s son .’ Say: ‘Who then shall overrule God in any way if

I continue from where I previously left off: REFUTING ADNAN RASHID PT. 1 .   SECOND OBJECTION: THE QURAN REJECTS THE TRINITY Adnan deceptively claims that the Quran rejects specific verses in the NT as fabrications to support the doctrine of Trinity, such as 1 John 5:7. He then argues that Q. 4:171 refers to the Trinity when it says “do not say Three.” The problem with Adnan’s desperate spin is that the Quran defines “three,” as Allah, Mary and Jesus, and condemns those who w

This is the material that I compiled for Adnan Rashid’s rather desperate attempt of trying to prove that the Quran testifies to the corruption of the Old and New Testaments. You can watch Adnan’s attempt at a reply here:  Did the author of the Quran know the Bible? Responding to David Wood ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFyjLRgxiFI&t=674s ) FIRST OBJECTION: THE TITLE PHARAOH NOT USED AT THE TIME OF JOSEPH  Adnan has chosen to parrot an objection that has been refuted time

This is a continuation from my previous post: REFUTING ADNAN RASHID PT. 3 . The Muslim expositors were all over the map when it came to the precise meaning of the word muhaimin . Here are a few select quotes from the various Muslim expositors, which highlight this point: AL-JALALAYN And We have revealed to you O Muhammad the Book the Qur’ān with the truth bi’l-haqq is semantically connected to anzalnā ‘We have revealed’ confirming the Book that was before it and watching over

INTRODUCTION The Quran supposedly consists of chapters (surahs) which Muhammad composed in Mecca and then later in Medina. In this post I am going to show how both the Meccan and Medinan surahs affirm that the original, true uncorrupt Scriptures which God sent down through his inspired prophets were in the possession of the Jews and Christians. This in turn will prove that Muhammad personally believed that the Holy Bible is indeed the uncorrupt revelation of God.   MECCAN PER

One will find specific Muslim scholars and/or apologists arguing that the Muslim scripture never mentions either the Bible or the Canonical Gospels. Rather, what the Quran confirms is the original Torah given to Moses and the Gospel sent down upon Jesus, not the Old or New Testaments in the possession of the Jews and Christians (or so the argument goes). These objections overlook the fact that the term Bible comes from a Latin term Biblia , and simply means Book. Therefore, i

A typical Muslim objection is that the Quran nowhere confirms the Bible since the term Bible is never mentioned within the Islamic scripture. Nothing could be further from the truth since the Quran repeatedly makes reference to the Book (Arabic – kitab ) given to the Jews and Christians. What Muslims and Christians may be unaware of is that the term Bible is the transliteration of the Latin term Biblia , meaning Book! Latin Biblia is derived from the Greek Biblia , meaning bo

In this somewhat lengthy article we are going to cite some of the many verses of the Quran which acknowledge and testify that the original, uncorrupt Scriptures that God had given to the Jews and Christians were still in existence during the lifetime of Muhammad. The purpose of doing so is to help Christians refute and silence the oft-repeated Muslim charge that the Quran does not acknowledge the textual reliability and authority of the books of the Holy Bible. 1. Muhammad re

In this post I will be quoting from notable Muslim scholar Yasir Qadhi’s biography on Muhammad in order to prove that Muslims are really Muhammadans who have deified their prophet to the level of divine status. Qadhi mentions some of the names given to his messenger, two of which reveal the level of idolatry and blasphemy laden within the Sunni corpus, and which refute the oft-repeated assertion that the Islamic faith preaches absolute ethical monotheism. All emphasis will be

REVISITING THE ISSUE OF THE TERM AHAD In the following article, Ahad: Monotheism vs. Eloquence of the Quran , I demonstrated that the phrase found in Q. 112:1 qul huwa Allah ahadun literally translates as “Say he is Allah, one of.” In this post I will share some of the verses proving that the word ahad  does not mean one, but really means “one of”. Unless indicated otherwise, quranic references will be taken from Arthur J. Arberry’s English version, titled “Koran Interpreted”

In this post I will be citing snippets from the fabulous work of epigrapher Ahmad Al-Jallad in respect to some of the pre-Islamic Arabian inscriptions he and his colleagues have discovered, which prove quite devastating to the traditional Muslim narrative. Ahmad Al-Jallad  is a philologist, epigraphist, and historian of language. His work focuses on the languages and writing systems of pre-Islamic Arabia and the ancient Near East. One of the interesting finds that Al-Jallad u

According to the Hebrew Bible, one of the names of Baal is Baal Zebub: “After Ahab died, Moab rebelled against Israel. Ahaziah fell through a window lattice in his upper chamber in Samaria and was injured. He sent messengers with these orders, ‘Go, ask Baal Zebub, the god of Ekron , if I will survive this injury.’ But the angel of the Lord told Elijah the Tishbite, ‘Get up; go to meet the messengers from the king of Samaria. Say this to them: “You must think there is no God i

In this post I am going provide the evidence that Islam is nothing more than the religion of Baal under the guise of Abrahamic ethical monotheism. HUBAL: MECCA’S CHIEF DEITY There is solid evidence connecting the pre-Islamic Allah with the moon. According to the scholarly sources, the chief god worshiped at Mecca was Hubal, whom many authorities claim was the moon god. Hubal  Chief god of the Ka ‘ba; a martial and oracular deity; a moon god. ( Gods, Goddesses and Mythology ,

In his book on Muhammad’s life, notable Muslim scholar Yasir Qadhi mentions how paganism supposedly began in Arabia. He states that a man from the tribe of Khuza’a had imported an idol of the god Hubal, which was given to him by the Amalekites. He further acknowledges that the pagan Arabs were notorious for worshiping rocks and stones, since they believed that these symbolic objects which they believed represented specific gods and goddesses would help bring them closer to Al