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Rabbinic Judaism teaches that all the prophets announced the coming days of the Messiah: אָמַר רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר אַבָּא אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: כׇּל הַנְּבִיאִים כּוּלָּן לֹא נִתְנַבְּאוּ אֶלָּא לִימוֹת הַמָּשִׁיחַ, אֲבָל לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא – ״עַיִן לֹא רָאָתָה אֱלֹהִים זוּלָתְךָ אֱלֹהִים יַעֲשֶׂה לִמְחַכֵּה לוֹ״. וּפְלִיגָא דִּשְׁמוּאֵל, דְּאָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: אֵין בֵּין הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה לִימוֹת הַמָּשִׁיחַ אֶלָּא שִׁעְבּוּד מַלְכִיּוֹת בִּלְבַד. § Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba says that Rabbi Yoḥanan...

Moses Maimonides was a 12th–13th century AD Jewish theologian/philosopher who was heavily influenced by the Greek notions of God’s incorporeality and impassibility, which caused him to allegorize and anthropomorphize much of the Hebrew Bible. Maimonides explained away OT verses, which speak of God appearing invisible, tangible ways, often as a Man. One of the ways he did so was to argue that these appearances were not of God himself but of something other, such as God’s Glory, Word or Voice....

In this post I will wrap up the case for Satan causing Muhammad to commit shirk by praising the three goddesses whom the pagans worshiped as the daughters of Allah. Al-Tabari, one of Islam’s greatest commentators and historians, relays two versions of the story: Satan Casts a False Revelation on the Messenger of God’s Tongue The Messenger of God was eager for the welfare of his people and wished to effect a reconciliation with them in whatever ways he could. It is said that he wanted to find...